نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• محمد رحیم رهنما
• سلمان حیاتی
• زهرا شیرزاد
• مهدی کاظمی بی نیاز
• محمد قنبری

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

شهر مشهد به عنوان دومین شهر پرجمعیت ایران با 2245 هکتار بافت فرسوده شهری که یک سیزدهم مساحت شهر را شامل می-شود، با معضلی بزرگ برای احیا این بافت مواجه می‌باشد. محله سرشور مشهد که در محدوده اطراف حرم مطهر امام‌رضا(ع) قرار گرفته، با وسعتی حدود 61 هکتار و شامل 2166 قطعه است. هدف پژوهش، اولویت‌بندی قطعات محله سرشور برای احیاء می‌باشد تا جهت‌دهی مناسبی برای دستگاه‌های متولی، ساکنین و سرمایه‌گذاران وجود داشته باشد. روش تحقیق، توصیفی/ تحلیلی است و برای رسیدن به هدف، پنج شاخص قدمت، تعداد طبقات، کاربری، مصالح و دوام، انتخاب و از طریق برداشت میدانی از محدوده جمع‌آوری گردید. برای تعیین وزن هر یک از معیارها و زیر معیار‌ها، تعداد 50 عدد پرسشنامه در دو مرحله از متخصصان این حوزه گردآوری و سپس این اوزان یکسان برای هر یک از معیارها و زیر معیار‌ها به همراه اطلاعات برداشت شده، به صورت جداگانه در مدل‌های تحلیل سلسله مراتبی، تحلیل شبکه‌ای، فازی و همپوشانی وزنی در نرم‌افزار سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی وارد و اجرا شد که خروجی نهایی نقشه‌ها به صورت قطعاتی با بیشترین تا کمترین اولویت جهت احیاء به تفکیک هر مدل و کاربری طبقه‌بندی گردید. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش بیان‌گر آن است که در محله سرشور اولویت اول احیا، قطعات با کاربری مسکونی (52 قطعه) و در مرحله بعد قطعات با کاربری تجاری/ اداری (132 قطعه) قرار دارد. همچنین مشخص گردید که مدل‌های تصمیم‌گیری چند معیاره جهت تعیین اولویت احیا قطعات بافت‌های فرسوده شهری کارایی داشته و مدل فازی در مقایسه با سایر مدل‌های مورد بررسی دقت بیشتری دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• بافت فرسوده
• تصمیم‌گیری چند معیاره
• مدل فازی
• محله سرشور مشهد

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining Urban Textile Renovation Priority Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods (Case Study: Sarshor Neighborhood of Mashhad)

نویسندگان [English]

• Mohammad Rahim Rahnama
• Salman Hayati
• Zahra Shirzad
• Mehdi Kazemi Bineyaz
• Mohammad Ghanbari

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
1. Introduction
Cities are living beings that always need to be revived, and in order to survive, they need to revive their worn out textures. Among the cities of Iran, the city of Mashhad with 2245.47 hectares of urban wastewater is facing a major challenge for the renovation of these parts. The texture of the Sarshoor neighborhood, one of the most vibrant urban areas of the city, despite its rich history, has a very high level of activity due to its spatial proximity to the holy shrine complex. In other words, the economic potentials in the context of the neighborhood have led to spontaneous renovation by the residents and investors; therefore, to guide the renovation of such spaces according to the defined models, it is possible to have a coherent and proper complex from physical, aesthetic, functional, and social perspective, and, finally to contribute to urban regeneration. Therefore, having the program to prioritize the recovery of its texture and different parts is very necessary. The main objective of the research is to prioritize the restoration of the worn out parts of the Sarsoor neighborhood, but in addition to this objective, the accuracy of each of the multi-criteria models used in this study to determine the priority of renovation of each component is also the second objective.
2. Methodology
In this research, a descriptive-analytical research method has been used that includes:
1- Description of weight of overlapping models, hierarchical analysis, network analysis and fuzzy analysis; 2- Introducing features of Sarshoor neighborhood; 3- Using the above models in Arc GIS software environment. Documentary and library methods as well as field observations were used to determine the criteria used in the research. The required criteria include material, age, durability, use and classes. Multi-criteria decision-making models including hierarchical analysis, network analysis, fuzzy and weight overlapping were used to prioritize the components for renovation. To determine the preference and weights of each criterion and sub criteria, 50 questionnaires were distributed and collected by experts in two stages. Finally, the averaging method was used to determine the final weight of the criteria and sub criteria.
3. Results
In fuzzy models, network analysis, hierarchical analysis, and weight overlap respectively 21.5%, 29.68%, 31.10%, and 24.10% of the size of Sarshoor neighborhood was ascribed to renovation with high priority. Meanwhile, areas with average priority were identified in Sarshoor neighborhood. For the fuzzy model, 30.32%, for the network analysis model, 32.43%, for the hierarchical analysis, 38.21%, and for the weight overlay model, 52.61% were determined. Also, the lower priority areas in the fuzzy model were 48.18%, in network analysis 37.9%, in hierarchical analysis 30.69%, and in weight overlay 23%.
Also, the lower priority areas in the fuzzy model were 48.18%, network analysis 37.9%, hierarchical analysis 30.69%, and weight overlay 23%. Considering that about half of the available space is reserved for residential use, this land use has the highest level of area for the high priority of the renovation. As in the fuzzy model of a total of 27.9 hectares of residential use, 14.3 hectares have a high priority for renovation. In the first priority, based on the fuzzy model, sport use with 100% has the highest frequency for renovation in this priority. In the low priority, administrative use with 98% has the highest share, and residential and educational uses are in the top priority. The results from the hierarchical analysis model in the high priority section for renovation indicate the share of 49% of residential use, which has the highest frequency among other uses for renovation. Commercial use is the next with 38%. In the case of residential and non-residential network analysis models, the commercial use has the highest priority, and in the first priority, sporting uses with 100% and then commercial with 51% in the next rank. Finally, barren spaces have the highest share in the low priority area for the development of worn out texture with 100% of their area. The information obtained from the overweight model, such as the other three models, shows that the share of residential and commercial use is high, but the share of residential and commercial uses is lower than the other models. Sport land use with 100% has the highest average renovation rate. In the low priority section for rehabilitation based on this model, administrative, residential, and therapeutic uses have the highest share, respectively. Finally, based on the above, it can be concluded that the first priority of renovation among different residential uses of the neighborhood is residential and the next priority is commercial use. Also, after comparing the results of the four models with the status of different parts of the Sarshoor area, the results of the Fuzzy model are closer to reality for identifying priority compared to other models.
4. Conclusion
Sarshoor is one of the oldest neighborhoods with a worn out texture in downtown Mashhad, which, despite its historical background, has a very high activity area due to the location of the hermitage complex. Nevertheless, the neighborhood faces numerous problems due to the lack of a plan to prioritize the parts to be restored, which has resulted in the loss of public limited financial resources and loss of physical, aesthetic, functional and even socioeconomic cohesion. Therefore, having a plan to prioritize the recovery of its parts is very necessary. Accordingly, in order to determine the priority of rebuilding parts, several criteria were considered: materials, age, durability, use and classes, as well as multi-criteria decision making methods in GIS for analyzing the above criteria. Based on the findings of the research, it is suggested that the priority of renovation for executive systems is residential uses, and for private sector investors is administrative-business uses, which can be useful given the capacities of the neighborhood, and can give more cohesion to the study area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Worn texture
• Multi-criteria decision making
• Fuzzy model
• Sarshoor neighborhood of Mashhad