Explaining the Role of the Private Sector in Implementing Urban Development Plans

Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی

Authors

• Azin mostofi ¹
• Hadi Sarvari ²
• Toktam Hanaee ³
• Mohammad Hadi Mahdinia ²

¹ PhD Candidate in Urbanism, Department of Urban Planning and Design, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

² Azad University, Mashhad

³ Azad University, Mashhad,

https://doi.org/10.22067/jgusd.2021.47683.0

Abstract

Implementation process of urban development plans depends on many issues like the opinions of stakeholders. Using the opinions of stakeholders plays an important role in the success of urban development plans. The private sector is one groups that plays a significant role in economic issues of planning. A review of previous researches shows that despite emphasizing on the importance of the private sector and conducting many researches in this regard, there is not any research that has explicitly mentioned the role of this group in the implementation of urban development plans. The attempts to create a holistic approach about the role of private sector have already been started. The reviewed articles were selected from the Direct Science database. These articles were written between 1998 and 2019. This study tries to review the studies using content analysis. The total number of the articles explored this study was 1152, which was reviewed to obtain more accurate results. After screening the articles, 14 articles were finally selected for this purpose. The results show that participation constraint capabilities and expectations of private sector have the greatest impact on the implantation of urban development plans. On the other hand, the results indicate the private sector should be considered in several stages of urban development plans such as decision-making and evaluation process.

Keywords

• Private Sector
• Implementation
• Urban Development Plans
• Content Analysis

20.1001.1.25383531.1401.9.1.1.2

References

1. 1. بهزادفر، م. (1390). طرح ها و برنامه های شهرسازی. تهران: نشر شهر.

   2. پاکزاد، ج. (1394). سیراندیشه‌ها در شهرسازی جلد اول. تهران: انتشارات شهیدی.

   3. ثقفی اصل، آ.، زبردست، ا.، و ماجدی، ح. (1395). ارزیابی میزان تحقق‌پذیری پروژه‌های طراحی شهری در ایران نمونه موردی: پروژه‌های اجرا شده در تهران. مجله معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر،17، 185-197.

   4. حاتمی نژاد، ح.، شورچه، م. (1393). شهر و نظریه انتقادی (با تاکید بر آرا و آثار دیوید هاروی). تهران: انتشارات پرهام نقش.

   5. رفیعیان، ‌م.، و اجلالی، پ. (1394). نظریه برنامه‌ریزی دیدگاه‌های سنتی و جدید. تهران: انتشارات آگه.
   6. سرخیلی، ا.، رفیعیان، م.، و تقوایی، ع ا. (1396). تقابل پایداری ابرپروژه‌های شهری: ارزیابی پایداری پروژه‌های بزرگ مقیاس در شهر مشهد. مجله جغرافیا و توسعه فضای شهری، 2، 25-41.

   7. کاظمیان، غ.، و جلیلی، م. (1394). تحلیل قدرت ذی‌نفعان در فرآیند سیاستگذاری در طرح جامع تهران(1378-1390). نامه معماری وشهرسازی، 15،139-158.

   8. کاکرین، آ. (1387). سیاست‌های شهری. مترجم اقوامی مقدم، ع. تهران: انتشارات آذرخش.

   9. کرمونا، م.، و تیزدل ا. (1394). خوانش مفاهیم طراحی شهری. مترجم ذکاوت، ک. تهران: انتشارات آذرخش.

   10. کرمونا، م.، و دیگران. (1390)، ارزش طراحی شهری-رویکردی اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست محیطی به طراحی شهری. ترجمه بصیری مژدهی، ر.، و فرهنمدیان، ح. تهران: انتشارات هله/طحان.

   11. کرمونا، م.، هیت، ت.، تیزدل، ا.، و تیزدل، ت. (1391). مکان‌های عمومی فضاهای شهری. مترجم قرائی، ف.، شکوهی، م.، اهری، ز.، و صالحی، ا. تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه هنر تهران.

   12. وی وارد، ا. (1387). شراکت بخش عمومی-خصوصی.فصل شانزدهم. کالینگورس، بری. برنامه‌ریزی بریتانیایی: پنجاه سال سیاست شهری و منطقه‌ای. مترجم اقوامی مقدم، ع. تهران: انتشارات آذرخش.

    

   13. Amado, M., Vitorine, C., Moura, E., & Silva, V. (2009). Public Participation in Sustainable Urban World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 53.

   14. Anjum, G.A., & Ahmad, N. (2012). Legal and institutional perplexities hampering the implementation of urban development plans in pakistan. Cities, 29(4), 271-277.

   15. Azami, M., Mirzaee, E., & Mohammadi, M. (2015). Recognition of urban unsustainability in Iran (case study: Sanandaj City). Cities, 49.159–168.

   16. Bon, B. (2015). A new megaproject model and a new funding model. Travelling concepts and local adaptations around the Delhi metro. Habitat International, 45,223-230.

   17. Boxmeer, Bv., & Beckhoven, Ev. (2005). Public–Private Partnership in Urban Regeneration: A Comparison of Dutch and Spanish PPPs, International Journal of Housing Policy, 5(1), 1-16.

   18. Chissano, MP H., Minnery, J. (2014). Roads, rates and development Urban roads and growth in Xai-Xai,Mozambique. Habitat International, 42.48-57.

   19. Elander, I. (2002). Partnerships and urban governance, International Social Science Journal, 54 (2), 191-204.

   20. Eschweiler, PQ. (1993). In Accordance with a Comprehensive Plan, the Need for Planning Consistency in New York State. Pace Environmental law review, 10(2).

   21. Farhoodi, R., Gharakhlou, M., & Panahandeh khah, M. (2009). A critique of the prevailing comprehensive urban planning paradigm in Iran: The need for strategic planning. Planning theory, 8(4), 335–361.

   22. Freeman, E. (2010). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

   23. Halla, F. (2002). Preparation and implementation of a general planning scheme in Tanzania Kahama strategic urban development planning framework. Habitat International, 26.281–293.

   24. Halla, F. (2007). A SWOT analysis of strategic urban development planning the case of Dar es Salaam city in Tanzania. Habitat International, 31.130–142.

   25. Hasimja, D. (2012). Problems during the Implementation of the Urban Regulatory Plans in Kosovo, ICAUD. International Conference on Architecture and Urban Design.

   26. Hassan, Gf., Hefnawi, Al., & Refaie, ME. (2011). Efficiency of participation in planning. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 50, 203-212.

   27. Heurkens, , Adams, D., & Hobma, F. (2015). Planners as market actors: the role of local planning authorities in UK’s urban regeneration practice. Town Planning Review, 86(6), 625-650.

   28. Heurkens, E. (2012). Private Sector-led Urban Development Projects Management, Partnerships & Effects in the Netherlands and the UK. Netherland: A+BE Publisher.

   29. Heurkens, E., & Hobma, F. (2014). Private Sector-led Urban Development Projects: Comparative Insights from Planning Practices in the Netherlands and the UK. Planning Practice & Research, 29(4), 350–369.

   30. Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S.E., (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis.Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288.

   31. Kelly, ED. (2010). Community planning an Introduction to the comprehensive plan. Washington: Islan press.

   32. Khalifa, M A. (2012). A critical review on current practices of the monitoring and evaluation in the preparation of strategic urban plans. Habitat International, 36.57-67.

   33. Khan, S. (2004). Tools for Pro-Poor Municipal Public-Private Partnerships for the Urban Environment, New York: UNDP.

   34. Korkmaz, C., & Balaban, O. (2019). Sustainability of urban regeneration in Turkey: Assessing the performance of the North Ankara Urban Regeneration Project. Habitat International, 1-14.

   35. Long, Y., Yizhen Gu., & Haoying H. (2012). Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of urban planning implementation effectiveness: Evidence from five urban master plans of Beijing. Landscape and Urban Planning, 108.103-111.
   36. Maghsoodi Tilaki, Mj., Bahauddin, A., Abdullah, A., & Hedayati Marzbali, M. (2014). Improving the Preparation of Iranian Urban Development Plans: Lessons Learned from Other Experiences. Modern Applied Science; 8(4), 144-157.

   37. McQuaidR. W., (2000). The Theory of Partnerships-Why have Partnerships, in: S.P. Osborne (ed.), Managing public-private partnerships for public services: an international perspective. London: Routledge.

   38. S. (2009). A study on evaluation index system of urban planning implementation. Journal of Shandong Jianzhu University.
   39. Miraftab, F. (2004). Public-Private Partnerships the Trojan horse of Neoliberal Development. Journal of Planning Education and research, 24(1), 89-101.
   40. Nelson, J., & Prescott, D. (2008). Business and the Millennium development goals: a framework for action. UNDP. United Kingdom.
   41. Oliveria, E., Hersperger, A. (2018). Governance arrangements, funding mechanisms and power configurations in current practices of strategic spatial plan implementation. Land Use Policy, 76, 623-633.
   42. Orueta, F., & Fainstein, S. (2009). The new Mega-Projects: Genesis and impacts. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 45, 223-230.
   43. Pamuk, A., & Cavallieri, P F A. (1998). Alleviating Urban Poverty in a Global City New Trends in Upgrading Rio-de-Janeiro Favelas. Habitatintl, 22(4), 449-462.
   44. Phuc Ma, V., & Vinh Tran, T. (2018). Integrating strategic planning values into urban master planning process in Vietnam. MATEC Web of Conferences, 193.
   45. Rachelle, A., & Morris, H. (1978). Implementation of Urban Land Use Plans, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 44(3), 274-285.
   46. Rasoolimanesh, M., Jaafar, M., & Badarulzaman, N. (2013). Urban Planning and Management System in Iran: A Review and Assessment. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 18 (2), 220-229.
   47. Rasoolimanesh, M., Jaafar, M., & Badarulzaman, N. (2014). Examining the contributing factors for the successful implementation of city development strategy in Qazvin City, Iran. Cities, 41.10–19.
   48. k. (2011). Creating Australia's best planning system? Private sector responses to NSW planning changes. Australian Planner, 48(4), 257-269.
   49. Sager, T. (2011). Neo-liberal urban planning policies: A literature survey 1990–2010. Progress in Planning, 76, 147–199.
   50. Seng, T. (2019). The Role of Urban Planners in Relation to Stakeholder Involvement in Planning Process.
   51. Shatkin, G. (2019). Financial sector actors, the state, and the rescaling of Jakarta’s extended urban region. Land Use Policy, 104159.
   52. Smørdal, O., Ebbing Wensaas, K., Lopez-Aparicio, S., Nilstad Pettersen, I., & Hoelscher, k. (2016). Key issues for enhancing citizen participation in co-constructing city futures. of Fourth International Workshop on Cultures of Participation in the Digital Age, Sweden: Gothenburg.
   53. Steinberg, F., & Miranda, L. (2005). Local agenda 21, capacity building and the cities of Peru. Habitat International, 29,163-182.
   54. Streeten, P. (1996). Good governance History and development of the concept in current issues in economic development: an Asian perspective, oxford: Oxford University press.
   55. Sturm, H.M. .(2014) Investor-led urban development. Lessons from community-oriented investment strategies applied by developing investors in the United States. Master thesis. Architecture and the Built Environment. Real Estate & Housing.
   56. Tang, L., Shen, Q., & Cheng, E. (2010). A review of studies on Public–Private Partnership projects in the construction industry. International Journal of Project Management, 28,683-694.
   57. Tasan-Kok, T., & Baeten, G. (2012). Contradictions of Neoliberal Planning. Netherlands: Springer.

   58. Tian, Li., & Shen, T. (2011). Evaluation of plan implementation in the transitional china: A case of Guangzhou city master plan. Cities, 28, 11-27.

   59. Todes, A., NeilKlug, A., & Malaza, N. (2010). Beyond master planning New approaches to spatial planning in Ekurhuleni, South Africa. Habitat International, 34,414-420.

   60. Tong, Zh., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Urban Planning Implementation Evaluation: A Multilevel Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Approach. The Open Civil Engineering Journal, 10, 200-211.

   61. UN Development Group. (2000). the Global Campaign for Good Urban Governance.

   62. UN HABITAT. (2007). Volume-1: An introduction to urban strategic planning. United Nations Human Settlements Programme.

   63. Yanhua, Ya o., Xiang, S., Zhaohui, W., & Chong., P. (2008). Implementation evaluation of regulatory planning guideline in Guangzhou. City Planning Review, 02.

   64. Zhang, Ji. (2015). A preliminary exploration of the space syntax application in the spatial evaluation of urban planning implementation: a case study of Qianjiang new CBD in Hangzhou. City Planning Review, 01.

   65. Zhou, Ta o., Zhou, Y., & Liu, G. (2017). Comparison of critical success paths for historic renovation and redevelopment projects in China. Habitat International, 67.54-68.

   66. Zhuang, T., Qian, Qk., Visscher., Hj., Elsinga., Mg., & Wu., W. (2019). The role of stakeholders and their participation network in decision-making of urban renewal in China: The case of Chongqing. Cities, 92, 47–58.