An Analysis of Urban Poverty and Factors affecting its Spatial Organization and Expansion in Tabriz

Document Type : Case study

Authors

Maryam Rezayi ¹

Ali Panahi ²

Reza Valizadeh ²

¹ Phd. Student, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22067/jgusd.2022.70545.1049

Abstract

Nowadays, the evaluation and analysis of urban poverty and the identification of factors and forces affecting the spatial organization and expansion of this phenomenon are considered to be the basic principles of human development policy and management in most countries. Considering the importance of the subject, the purpose of this research is to investigate the spatiality of urban poverty and to identify the factors affecting the spatial organization of this phenomenon in Tabriz. To collect the research data, the information available in the statistical blocks of Tabriz city in 2016 and interview with academic elites and city managers were used and to analyze the data, Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI) and Hot Spot Analysis in GIS software, the structural equation analysis model in AMOS software were used. The results showed that the poor areas of Tabriz city are spread in the center and the outskirts of the city and the distribution of these areas is clustered based on the Z index. We can see the spatial dichotomy of poverty between the east and west of the city and the peripheral and central areas. Moreover, among the factors affecting the expansion and spatial organization of the poor areas of the city, we can mention the discriminatory and impoverishing mechanism variables based on the unfair distribution of power, wealth and income resources and increasing the class gap between different strata at macro level and the excessive increase in the population of Tabriz city, the inefficiency of the official land and housing markets of Tabriz city, at the micro level. The value of these variables based on the structural model is 0.83, 0.77, 0.69 and 0.63, respectively.

Keywords

Poverty

Urban Poverty

Spatial Organization

Tabriz Metropolis

---

References

1. رضایی، م.ر.، علیان، م.، و خاوریان، ا. (1393). شناسایی و ارزیابی گستره‌های فضایی فقر شهری در شهر یزد. پژوهش‌های جغرافیای انسانی، 3 (46)، 695-677 .
2. زادولی، ف. (1397). سنجش الگوی گستردگی فقر شهری با رویکرد آینده‌پژوهی، نمونه موردی: کلان‌شهر تبریز. رساله‌ی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، تبریز: دانشگاه تبریز.
3. صابری‌فر، ر. (1399). واکاوی احساس نابرابری و اثر آن بر مشارکت شهروندان در اداره‌ی کلان‌شهرها (موردشناسی: شهر مشهد). جغرافیا و آمایش شهری-منطقه‌ای، 10(35)، 162-143.
4. طارمی، ع. (1387). سنجش فقر شهری در محله‌ی اسلام‌آباد زنجان با استفاده ازGIS . پایان‌نامه‌ی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، زنجان: دانشگاه زنجان.
5. کاپلان، د.، اچم جیمز، ا.، و ویلرم استیون آر، ه. (1391). جغرافیای شهری. ترجمه‌ی حسین حاتمی‌نژاد و عبدالمطلب برات­نیا. تهران: انتشارات سمت.
6. محمدی، م.ع.، ودادهیر، ا.، سیفی، ع.، و مشتاق، ر. (1391). فراتحلیل مطالعات فقر در ایران. رفاه اجتماعی، 12(45)، 48-7.
7. ملکی، س.، امان‌پور، س.، و زادولی خواجه، ش. (1395). سازمان‌یابی فضایی و گسترش سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی در کلان‌شهر تبریز. پژوهش‌های جغرافیای برنامه‌ریزی شهری، 5(1)، 104-87.

 

8. Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2012). Why nations fail: The origins of power, prosperity and poverty. New York: Crown Business.
9. Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., & Robinson, J.A. (2001). The colonial origins of comparative development: An empirical investigation. American Economic Review, 91, 1369–1409.
10. Baharoglu, D. & Kessides, C. (2002). Urban Poverty. Volume 2 – Macroeconomic and Sectoral Approaches, Chapter 16 – Urban Poverty, pp. 124-159.
11. Baker, J.L. (2008). Urban poverty: A global view. Urban papers; no. UP-5. Washington, DC: World Bank.
12. Berner, E. (2000). Poverty alleviation and the eviction of the poorest: towards urban land reform in the Philippines. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24(3), 554–566.
13. Chamhuri, N.H., Abdul Karim, H., & Hamdan, H. (2012). Conceptual framework of urban poverty reduction: A review of literature. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 68, 804-814.
14. Cobbinah, P.B., Erdiaw-Kwasie, M.O., & Amoateng, P. (2015). Rethinking sustainable development within the framework of poverty and urbanisation in developing countries. Environmental Development, 13, 18–32.
15. Cohen, B. (2006). Urbanisation in developing countries: Current trends, future projections, and key challenges for sustainability. Technology in Society, 28, 63–80.
16. Curley, A. (2005). Theories of urban poverty and implications for public housing policy. J. Soc. & Soc. Welfare.
17. Duclos, J. Y., & Araar, A. (2006). Poverty and equity: Measurement policy and estimstion with DAD. New York: Springer.
18. Duque, J.C., Patino, J.E., Ruiz, L.A., & Pardo-Pascual, J.E. (2015). Measuring intra-urban poverty using land cover and texture metrics derived from remote sensing data. Landscape and Urban Planning, 135, 11-21.
19. Elhadary, Y. A. E., & Samat, N. (2014). Political economy and urban poverty in the developing countries: Lessons learned from Sudan and Malaysia. Journal of geography and Geology, 4(1), 212-223.
20. Gilbert, A. (2014). Environment studies. Chapter 5:6 - Housing the Urban Poor in The companion to development studies, pp 257-262.
21. Kalu, K.N. (2004). Embedding African democracy and development: The imperative of institutional capital. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 70(3), 527–545.
22. Lanjouw, P., & Marra, M.R. (2018). Urban poverty across the spectrum of Vietnam’s towns and cities. World Development, 110, 295-306.
23. Liu, Y. & Wu, F. (2006). Urban Poverty Neighborhoods: Typology and Spatial Concentration under China’s Market Transition, a Case Study of Nanjing. Geoforum, 37(4), 610-626.
24. Marshall J.D., McKone, T.E., Deakin, E. & Nazaroff, W.E. (2005). Inhalation of motor vehicle emissions: effects of urban population and land area. Atmospheric Environment, 39(2), 283-295.
25. Muyeba, S. (2019). Institutional capital, urban poverty and household wealth in Cape Town. World Development Perspectives, 16(123), 1-13.
26. North, D. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
27. Ravallion, M., Chen, S., & Sangraula, P. (2007). New evidence on the urbanisation of global poverty. In Policy research paper No. 4199. Washington, D.C: World Bank.
28. Ren, C. (2011). Modeling poverty dynamics in moderate-poverty neighborhoods: a multi-level approach. Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University.
29. Schouten, M.A.C. & Mathenge, R.W. (2010). Communal sanitation alternatives for slums: a case study of Kibera, Kenya. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Earth, 35(13-14), 815-822.
30. Simler, K., Harrower, S., & Massigarela, C. (2003). Estimating poverty indices form Simple indicators surveys. Development Research Group World Bank, Washington Dc, USA
31. Vearey, J., Thomson, K., Sommers, T., & Sprague, C. (2017). Analysing local-level responses to migration and urban health in Hillbrow: the Johannesburg Migrant Health Forum. BMC public health, 17(3), 427.
32. Wu, J.G., Jenerette, G.D., Buyantuyev, A., & Redman, C.L. (2011). Quantifying spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization: The case of the two fastest growing metropolitan regions in the United States. Ecological Complexity, 8, 1, 1–8.
33. Zainal, N.R., Gurmit, K., NorAisah, A., & Jamaliah M.K. (2012). Housing conditions and quality of life of the urban poor in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15(50), 827 – 838.