Measuring of Urban Ecology Criteria in High-Rise Buildings of Mashhad based on HQE International Standard

Document Type : علمی - پژوهشی

Authors

• farzaneh razzaghian ¹
• mohammad rahim rahnama ²
• Mohhamad Ajza shokouhi ³

¹ ferdowsi university of mashhad, Academic Staff of Urban and regional Planning Research Group of Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research Khorasan Razavi

² Professor of Geography Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

³ Associate Professor of Geography Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

https://doi.org/10.22067/jgusd.2023.42583.0

Abstract

Extended Abstract

Introduction

Ecological city theory is an answer to many needs of modern urban planning. The ecological city usually has a dense texture and one of its most important strategies is building high constructions instead of expanding the city. It requires building at height, changing the pattern of urban construction. High-rise construction is justified by emphasizing ecological principles and in the form of mixed uses. So that in the big cities of the world, famous buildings have been built by observing the principles of ecological design. The ecological design standards are met in these buildings to receive the ecological rating of the building. One of the most important standards approved by the international community is the sustainable international standard HQE, which means "high environmental quality". HQE is an indicator of the evaluation of the ecological level of buildings based on French standards. This approach considers buildings with all their components and throughout their life cycle, and due to its flexibility, it can be used for all buildings; that is, from new buildings and renovations. This approach can be effective in all different climates.
The large number of high-rise buildings in Mashhad shows dynamism, rapid growth, and a willingness to invest, making Mashhad the second largest metropolis in the country after Tehran in terms of this type of construction. The high-rise construction that Iranian metropolises, including Mashhad, have experienced in the last decade has led to the construction of more than 40 high-rise buildings scattered across different parts of Mashhad in less than a decade. This issue has been increasing in recent years. In the future, however, this trend can affect the city of Mashhad, whose population and number of tourists are always increasing, with various problems such as lack of energy (as we saw in the winter of 2022) and favorable infrastructure, congestion, traffic, and various types of pollution. The current towers are built without specific plans and rules, but based on limited criteria that can be implemented in almost all regions. But the question is: What are the criteria of ecological design based on international standards in high-rise buildings and how can the trend of high-rise construction in the city of Mashhad be pushed towards green high-rise buildings? This study was conducted to improve the level of construction quality and reduce the consumption of resources and energy waste in the large part of buildings and high-rise buildings in Mashhad. An attempt was made to clarify the fundamental principles and design criteria of green high-rise buildings and to partially present the perspective of ecological thinking in the current situation by comparing it with three exemplary high-rise buildings in Mashhad city. All of these towers are famous but have different uses and are built in different urban areas with different detailed designs.

Method

Using a descriptive-analytical method, this article seeks to identify the principles and criteria related to high-rise construction in the form of ecological design principles and to analyze the status of high-rise buildings in Mashhad. The statistical population consists of three famous and important high-rise buildings out of 40 high-rise buildings in Mashhad. The data required for this research is based on exploratory theoretical foundations and has been collected through both documentary and field studies. The method of this study was HQE (high environmental quality). Therefore, in order to address the issue comprehensively, after categorizing the two external and internal environments, the objectives in four groups were selected for high-rise buildings. The group of goals of ecological construction and ecological management, in the first category, is related to the surrounding environment, and the group of goals related to comfort and health is related to the second category and the internal environment of the building. Within the framework of these four categories of goals, a total of 14 micro-goals were considered. After defining these goals, other micro goals were defined in the form of indicators (40 indicators).

Results

The selected buildings, which are the famous towers of Mashhad and were selected from different urban areas with different detailed designs, were examined and analyzed based on the questionnaires. Then, the degree of conformity of the studied buildings with ecological design indicators was checked.
Armitage Tower: This building received a score of 2.32 for ecological construction goals, 2.06 for ecological management goals, 3.5 for comfort goals, and 3.41 for health goals. This building received a good score in the health and comfort section, while it has been in an average condition in the ecological construction and ecological management sections.
Baran Tower: This building received a score of 2.02 for ecological construction goals, 2.66 for ecological management goals, 3.35 for comfort goals, and 3.5 for health goals. Like the Armitage building, this building received a good score for the health and comfort section, while it is in an average position in the ecological construction and ecological management sections.
Darvishi Hotel Tower: This building received a score of 2.02 for ecological construction goals, 2.66 for ecological management goals, 3.35 for comfort goals, and 3.5 for health goals. Like the Armitage building, this building received a good score for the health and comfort, while it is in an average position in the ecological construction and ecological management sections.
Therefore, it can be said that in most of the four main groups of goals related to HQE, all three towers were in a good condition (scores between 3 and 4) only in the group of goals related to health, but in the other groups of goals, the condition of the towers is different.

Discussion and Conclusion

Comparing the scores related to the degree of compliance of the studied towers with the defined indicators shows that there is no ecological considerations in the construction of these towers and the lack of equipping the towers with high energy efficiency equipment (such as solar cells, solar water heaters, water purification, and recycling systems and sewage, most of which are expensive and imported equipment) not because of the lack of financial resources, but because of the lack of attention and awareness of the tower builders and the fact that these items are not prioritized for them.
The results of the study of high-rise buildings in the city of Mashhad showed that the towers of the city of Mashhad have performed poorly in terms of various dimensions of ecological design in the main axes of ecological construction and ecological management, and the indicators of energy supply required based on renewable sources, garbage recycling, waste water and sewage, use of native materials, rainwater management and recycling. Even the existing limited cases also lack a targeted plan. Therefore, in order to achieve the goal of the research, which is to improve the quality of construction and reduce the consumption of resources and energy waste in the huge part of high-rise construction in the city of Mashhad, the following suggestions are presented:

Approval of ecological design rules and regulations by the management authorities of Mashhad and encouraging investors and tower builders to comply with these rules;
Application of incentive regulations, discounts on construction violations and tax discounts for tower builders in order to implement ecological design rules and regulations;
Setting up and forming the ecological management department in Mashhad municipality and checking the legal permits for the construction of high-rise buildings through this management;
Paying attention to environmental criteria in order to reduce energy consumption in high-rise buildings in urban planning laws, detailed plans, and action criteria;
Revision of the urban construction approach and related laws;
Attention to the negative economic, social, cultural, environmental and legal consequences if ecological construction standards are not used;
Additional studies to take advantage of global experiences in order to enrich local literature in the field of ecological urban planning, green architecture, green building and the new trend of high-rise construction in Iran.

 
 

Keywords

• Keywords: Ecological thinking
• High-rise building
• HQE index
• Mashhad

Main Subjects

• urban planinnin

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