Geography and Urban Space Development

Identifying the Capability of Children’s Participation in Urban Planning through Contents Analysis of Second Grade Textbooks

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Hadi Sarvari 1
Azin Mostofi 2

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Development, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

2 PhD Candidate, Department of Urban Development, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22067/gusd.v7i1.85911
Abstract
Children are experts regarding their needs in the city and will become the future urban designers and decision makers. Planners should pay more attention to the process of urban planning. Urban planning for children and adolescents is currently regarded as planning for a majorly unimportant part of the society. The main question posed in the present study is on the effectiveness of contents of educational system courses in student’s understanding of urban affairs and planning concepts. To find a proper answere this question, the Social Studies Textbooks of the fourth, fifth and sixth grades in 2017-18 academic year were examined using content analysis. Content analysis is used for objective and systematic description of the contents of a particular text; here, these contents were analyzed using William Romey’s method. To examine and analyze the data, subjects related to participation were identified by studying Social Studies Textbooks. Accordingly, the most important effective components of participation are knowing the city and its primary parts, and instruction of citizenship rights, the way of participating and communicating with others.  Based on the analytical findings of the study, the most effective educational category for children at the second grade with the highest conflict coefficient was “how to communicate with others”. Furthermore, in association with “citizenship rights instruction” with average level conflict coefficient, cooperative participation can be expected due to its emphasis on attendance at events and presence in public projects. Finally, in the category of “knowing the city and its primary parts” which is related to children’s familiarity with the concept of city and its development process, subjects that should be taught to children are assigning projects to children, actual practices, and participation in design. Nevertheless, this category involves the lowest conflict coefficient and lowest educational system impact.

Keywords

Children
Participation
Urban Planning
Content Analysis
Textbooks

  1.  

    1. پوراحمد، ا.، خادمی، ا.ح. و ضرغام‌فرد، م. (1395). بررسی عوامل و زمینه‌های موجود برای افزایش مشارکت مردمی در فرآیند احیای بافت فرسودة منطقة 41 شهرداری تهران. دو فصلنامه جغرافیا و توسعة فضای شهری، 3(2)، 127-139.
    2. تاجیک اسماعیلی،ع. (1393). مدیریت شهری،آموزش و فرهنگ شهروندی. تهران: نشر تیسا.
    3. حبیبی، م.، و سعیدی رضوانی، ه. (1384). شهرسازی مشارکتی، کاوشی نظری در شرایط ایران. مجله هنرهای زیبا، 24، 15-24.
    4. خاکی، غ. ر. (1378). روش تحقیق با رویکردی به پایان­نامه نویسی. تهران: انتشارات درایت و مرکز تحقیقات علمی کشور.
    5. دانشپور، س.ع.، بهزادفر، م.، برک‌پور، ن.، و شرفی، م. (1395). محیط برنامه‌ریزی مشارکتی؛ ارائه مدل مفهومی برای تحلیل عوامل موثر بر مشارکت شهروندی در برنامه‌ریزی. مجله نامه معماری و شهرسازی، 9(18)، 23-41.
    6. رفیعیان، م.، معروفی، س. (1390). نقش و کاربرد رویکرد برنامه‍ریزی ارتباطی در نظریه‍های نوین شهرسازی. مجله آرمان‌شهر، 4(7)، 113-120.
    7. رومیان، ی.، ولوی، پ. و نصاری، و. (1395). آموزش حقوق شهروندی و مهارت‌های زندگی در مدارس با تاکید بر ضرورت و اهمیت آموزش. اهتمام هفته نامه تعلیم و تربیت موسسه آموزشی میزان، 75(18)،18 -1.
    8. ساعی ارسی، ای. (۱۳۹۱). آموزش مطالعات اجتماعی(در دوره‍ی ابتدایی). تهران:انتشارات بهمن برنا.
    9. عادل مهربان، م. (1394). مروری بر تحلیل محتوای کیفی و کاربرد آن در پژوهش. اصفهان: دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان.
    10. غیاثوند، ا. (1394). آموزش شهروندی در مدارس شهر تهران؛ آثار و پیامدها. فصلنامه برنامه‍ریزی رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی، 9(23)، 207-231.
    11. فریبرزی، ا. ناصری، ن.س. (1391). روش تحلیل محتوا (راهنمای علمی تحقیق). تهران: انتشارات تمرین.
    12. لطف آبادی، ح. (1385). آموزش شهروندی ملی و جهانی همراه با تحکیم هویت و نظام ارزشی دانش­آموزان. فصلنامه نوآوری‍های آموزشی، 5(17)، 11-44.
    13. لویسی، ش. (1385). زندگی به شیوه ی شهروندی را چگونه میتوان آموخت. فصلنامه تکنولوژی آموزشی، 5(14)،1-25.

     

    1. Berglund, U. )2008(. Using Children's GIS Maps to Influence Town Planning, Children. Youth and Environment,18(2),110-132.
    2. Blanchet-Cohen, N. Rainbow, B. )2006(. Partnership between Children and Adults?: The experience of the International Children's Conference on the Environment. Childhood,13(1), 113-126.
    3. Cele, S. Van der Burgt, D).2015(. Participation, consultation, confusion: professionals’ understandings of children’s participation in physical planning. Children’s Geographies, 13(1), 14-29.
    4. Chawla, L. Heft, H. )2002(. Children's Competence and the Ecology of Communities: A Functional Approach to the Evaluation of Participation. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 22(1),201-216.
    5. Christensen, P. M., & O’Brien, M. )2003(. Children in the City, Home, Neighborhood and Community, London and NewYork: Routledge.
    6. Corsi, M. (2002). The child friendly cities initiative in Italy. Environment and Urbanization. 14(2), 169-179.
    7. Cunningham, C,J. Jones, M,A. & Dillon, R. (2003). Children and Urban Regional Planning: Participation in the Public Consultation Process through Story Writing. Children’s Geographies, 1(2),201-221.
    8. Day, L., Sutton, L. and Jenkins, S. (2011). Children and young people's participation in planning and regeneration: a final report to the Ecorys Research Programme 2010-11. UK: Ecorys, Loughborough University, Institutional Repository.
    9. De Vries, S.I., Bakker, I., van Mechelen, W. and Hopman-Rock, M. (2007). Determinants of activity-friendly neighborhoods for children: results from the SPACE study, American Journal of Health Promotion, 21(4), 312-316.
    10. Forester, J. (1999). The Deliberative Practitioner: Encouraging Participatory Planning Processes, Massachusetts: Institute of Technology.
    11. Frank, K.I, (2006). The Potential of Youth Participation in Planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 20(4), 351-371.
    12. Hart, R. A. (2008). Stepping Back from “The Ladder”: Reflections on a Model of Participatory Work with Children, Participation and Learning. NewYork: Springer Perspectives on Education and the Environment, Health and Sustainability.
    13. Hinton, R., E. K. M. Tisdall, M. Gallagher, and S. Elsley. (2008). Children’s and Young People’s Participation in Public Decision-Making, International Journal of Children’s Rights, 16, 281-284.
    14. Horelli, L. (1997). A Methodological Approach to Children's Participation in Urban Planning, Scandinavian Housing & Planning Research,14,105-115.
    15. Kimberley L, Knowles-Yanez. (2005). Children’s Participation in Planning Processes, Journal of Planning Literature, 20(10),3-14.
    16. Knauer, R., & Sturzenhecker, B. (2005). Participation of Children and Adolescents. Between Interests and Stakeholders. Opladen: Barbara Budrich. 63-94.
    17. Knowles-Yanez, K. (2002). Concerns of children in land use planning processes. Annual meeting of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning. Baltimore, MD: Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning.
    18. Melaville, A., & Amy C. Berg, & Blank, M. (2008). Community-Based Learning Engaging Students for Success and Citizenship, Coalition for Community Schools, Washington: Institute for Educational Leadership.
    19. Mullahe, R., & Susskind, Y., & Checkoway, B. (1999). Youth Participation in Community Planning. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association.
    20. O’Kane, C. (2013). Children’s Participation in the Analysis, Planning and Design of Programmes, London: Save the Children.
    21. Oestreich, S. (2013). Participation of Children in Spatial Development Case Study: Stockholm Metropolitan Area, Master of sustainable urban planning and design, Department of Urban Planning and Environment, Division of Urban and Regional Studies, Stockholm.
    22. Schröder, R. (1995). Kinder reden mit! Beteiligung an Politik, Stadtplanung und-gestaltung. Weinheim: Basel: Beltz".

    36.Simpson, B. (1997). Towards the Participation of Children and Young People in Urban Planning and Design, Urban Studies, 34(5),907-925.

Send comment about this article
Enter Name.
Enter a valid email address.
Enter a vaid affiliation.
Enter comments (At leaset 10 words)
CAPTCHA Image
Enter Security Code Correctly.
Geography and Urban Space Development
Volume 7, Issue 1 - Serial Number 12
September 2020
Pages 163-145

  • Receive Date 06 March 2020
  • Accept Date 24 June 2020

Home

Submit Manuscript

Contact Us

Cooperation with the association