نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشگاه زنجان
چکیده
جدایی‌گزینی فضایی در کلان‌شهر تبریز از منظر اجتماعی و فرهنگی، محمل نوعی هویت حاشیه‌ای است که در تعامل با فضای کالبدیِ جداافتاده، تباین متن و حاشیه را در کلان‌شهر تبریز و اکثر کلا‌ن‌شهرهای ایران به‌وجود آورده است. مفهوم جدایی‌گزینی فضایی متضمن فرآیندی طولانی‌مدت از جا‌افتادگی اجتماعات محلی در پهنه‌هایی از شهر است که یکپارچگی و انسجام شهری را به چالش می‌کشد. این جدایی‌گزینی ناشی از بازندگی اجتماعات محلی در بازی برنامه‌ریزی شهری مدرن بوده است؛ از این‌رو شکلی تاریخی دارد و در طول زمان اتفاق می‌افتد. همچنان بیش از 6درصد از مساحت و بیش از 20درصد از جمعیت در محدودۀ شهر تبریز هستند که تباین متن‌حاشیه را به نمایش می‌گذارند. پژوهش پیشِ رو از نوع توصیفی‌تحلیلی بوده و روش‌شناسی ناظر بر آن متأثر از استدلال قیاسی و محک تجربی است. این مقاله تقلیل این تباین و افزایش انسجام و یکپارچگی شهری را از نقطه‌نظر تمرکززدایی در فرآیند تصمیم‌سازی و سیاست شهری و بازتولید عرصه‌های متکثر و خُرد قدرت اجتماعات محلی جست‌وجو می‌کند. چارچوب فکری و نظری این توزیع قدرت بر مبنای پارادایم حکمروایی مطلوب شهری قرار دارد که در واقع فصل مشترک تمام کنشگران اجتماعی است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که سیاست شهری متکثر و نوین با چالش محافظه‌کارانة قدرت سیاست شهری متمرکز (شهرداری) مواجه است؛ بنابراین گذار به الگوی حکمروایی مطلوب نیازمند مبنای قدرتمند قانونی است. حداقل چالش به منظور پیشبرد سیاست شهری متکثر ایجاد شهرداری متمایز محله‌های جداافتاده با ردیف بودجة متمایز است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Role of Good Governance in Reducing Spatial Segregation (Case Study: Tabriz Metropolitan)
نویسنده [English]
- Isa Piri
University of Zanjan
چکیده [English]
Extended Abstract
1. Introduction
Spatial segregation in Tabriz metropolitan physically indicates some poor infrastructure indexes such as lack of arterial transportation networks, lack of water supply and sewage networks, inadequate housing, increasing and inhumane density, lack of service per capita, but from a social and cultural perspective, it is the vehicle of marginal identity that in interacting with separated physical space, has created incommensurability of context and margin in Tabriz metropolitan and most of Iran's metropolitans. The concept of spatial segregation involves a long term process of community's maturity in some city areas that challenge the city integrity. This segregation is an outcome of communities losing in the game of modern urban planning. Therefore it is a historical form and it happens throughout time. The physical and environmental renewal projects in recent decades could not have an effect on reducing the spatial segregation and still more than 6 percent and over 20 percent of population of the city remain in the area that display incommensurability of context- margin.
2. Theoretical Framework
Economic and social factors impose some conditions on metropolis that they form some spatial convergence or divergence and it could be reinforced or weakened by the state's plans. From a historical view or power and knowledge genealogy, spatial segregation is rooted in voluntary and mandatory factors, in other words voluntary or mandatory intentions of different groups to separate their selves in the square. And even in the different periods corresponding with three different dimensions that it is: 1- economic order or economic structure, 2- state and order of political structure, 3- social – life scene. Alongside the modernism process, spatial segregation phenomenon has accepted diverse geographical forms and patterns. From a spatial view, segregation shift from city center to the suburbs is one of the outcomes of modernity. In other words, the segregation phenomenon in the lord and vassal period or feudalism, before having tangible or increasing geographical form, is an indication of disinclination of interaction between feudal groups with other groups. This situation occurs while they live in the same quarters and alleys and residential segregation is more limited and social life scene is not under the contrast of spatial segregation. Good governance discourse is the inherent element in cooperation between civil society and political society and also between state and citizens. By the way, it is rooted in New Public Management (NPM), which is response to welfare state. The essence of governance is the relation between and among state and non- state forces and formation and stewardship of formal and informal rules that they regulate public sphere and it is the scene that the state has interact with social and economic actors for making decisions. It also involves values, institutes and processes that guide people and organizations in the direction of public purposes, decision making and legitimation. Good city governance is based on plural city policy. If we see the plural city policy through the communitarian action theory of Habermas, we can better explain it. Life- world has been discussed at the interpersonal or intrapersonal levels, using speech- action in the communitarian action process. Life – world has been used as background of knowledge. City actors have to criticize their traditional life – world by using their rational power.
3. Methodology
This article is descriptive – analytical. The methodology of article is inductive reasoning and experimental benchmark. The article assess the relation between independent variable (good governance) and dependent variable (spatial segregation) using survey method. By using the Likert pattern (absolutely agree 5, absolutely dissident 1), in one questionnaire, the article presents the evaluating questions. Pearson correlation test was used to assess the hypothesis.
4. Results and Discussion
Given that each of the two variables of good governance and plural city policy( independent) and reducing of spatial segregation(dependent) have been assessed in distance level, Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to evaluate their relation. Alpha's average is .739. The results of the Pearson and regression tests show that there are relations between the variables.
5. Conclusion
The spatial base of late cultural changes are significant in weakening centrality and centralism. Formation of widespread fields of diversification and plurality in the city's physical geography, have been confronted in the traditional city integrated management concept in face of serious challenge. Therefore access to integrity and city solidarity is necessary for transition of traditional patterns to the way of good governance with interaction of communities, state, market and private sector that is inspiring for unity in diversity. Physical spatial segregation in Tabriz metropolitan involves 6 percent of city and more than 20 percent of city population. Good governance with indexes such as participation, responsibility, rule of law, empowerment, justice and equity show the interaction and solidarity of constructer elements of city in the base of social and cultural identity and bring about progress of city plural policy alongside of physical dimension.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Good governance
- spatial segregation
- plural policy
- Tabriz
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