تبیین تاثیر ارتفاع و فرم گونه های مسکونی مبتنی بر ایجاد آسایش حرارتی فضاهای باز میانی نمونۀ مورد مطالعه: مجتمع‌های مسکونی شهر شیراز

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی-مطالعه موردی

نویسندگان

• نازنین دهناد ¹
• باقر کریمی ¹
• جمال الدین مهدی‌نژاد ^{2، 3}

¹ گروه معماری، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران.

² گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.

³ استاد مدعو گروه معماری، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22067/jgusd.2022.72333.1101

چکیده

آسایش حرارتی در محیط زیست یک عامل حیاتی است که بر سلامت و رفاه ساکنین تأثیر­گزار است. آسایش حرارتی به میزان زیادی تحت تأثیر اثرات ترکیبی پارامترهای مختلف است و فرم بلوک­های شهری تأثیر قابل توجهی بر مقدار تابش و الگوهای جریان و سرعت باد می­گذارند. در این پژوهش به سنجش تأثیر فرم و ارتفاع بلوک­های مسکونی بر آسایش حرارتی فضاهایی باز پرداخته است. روش تحقیق پژوهش به شیوه کمی، و از روش توصیفی و استنباطی از نوع پیمایشی، و روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی و به منظور انتخاب حجم نمونه از نمونه­گیری احتمالی کنترل شده استفاده شده است. چهار بلوک مسکونی با الگوهای متداول در شهر شیراز در سه حالت کوتاه مرتبه، میان مرتبه و بلند مرتبه انتخاب و شبیه­ سازی گردید. و به بررسی نتایج منتج از شبیه­سازی به تحلیل داده­ها و سنجش آنها با استفاده از نرم­افزار ENVI-met در سال 1399 پرداخته شده است؛ سپس با استفاده از داده­های اقلیمی در نرم افزار RayMan، دمای معادل فیزیولوژیکی به دست آمد و در پنج نقطه مدل­های شبیه­سازی شده، نسبت فرم و ارتفاع مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. سپس نتایج با توجه به نرم افزار SPSS₂₂ آماره­ها در دو سطح توصیفی و استنباطی بیان شده است، و با استفاده از آزمون فریدمن رتبه­بندی نقاط بحرانی براساس فرم­ها بر حسب سه ارتفاع­ مطرح شده مشخص گردید و میزان معناداری و ارتباط بین انواع فرم­های (ترکیبی، مجموعه، خطی، محیطی) برحسب انواع ارتفاع (بلندمرتبه، میان­مرتبه و کوتاه­مرتبه) با استفاده از آزمون کروکسکال والیس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته­ها نشان داد که بین انواع فرم­ و ارتفاع تفاوت­ معناداری وجود دارد و این ارتباط در ساختمان­های میان مرتبه در فرم مجموعه­ای و محیطی نتیجه مطلوب­تری را داشته است. نهایتا هر دو فاکتور فرم و ارتفاع ارتباط مهمی با پارامترهای موثر در آسایش حرارتی فضای باز مجتمع­های مسکونی دارند و نقش به سزایی در تعدیل دما محیط و امکان بهره­روی متفاوتی را برای ساکنین بوجود می­آورند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آسایش حرارتی فضاهای باز
• ENVI-met
• بلوک‌های مسکونی
• دمای معادل فیزیولوژیکی
• ریمن

20.1001.1.25383531.1400.8.2.11.7

عنوان مقاله [English]

Exploring the effects of height and form of residential places on creating thermal comfort of collective outdoor spaces (Case study: Residential complexes of Shiraz)

نویسندگان [English]

• nazanin dehnad ¹
• Bagher karimi ¹
• Jamal-e-Din Mahdi Nejad ^{2 3}

¹ Department of Architecture, Bushehr branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran.

² Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architectural and Urban Engineering, Shahid Rajaee University, Tehran, Iran.|Visiting Professor Department of Architecture, Bushehr branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran.

³ Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architectural and Urban Engineering, Shahid Rajaee University, Tehran, Iran.|Visiting Professor Department of Architecture, Bushehr branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Thermal comfort of environment is one of the most crucial factors that influence the health and well-being of residents of cities. Thermal comfort itself is affected by a combination of the effects of different parameters and the form of urban blocks affects greatly the amount of radiation, the patterns of flow, and wind speed. This study assesses the effect of the form and height of residential blocks on the thermal comfort of open spaces. This quantitative study uses the descriptive and inferential survey methods, and applied random and controlled probability sampling to select the sample size. Four residential blocks of Shiraz having common patterns of short-level, medium-level and high-level were selected and simulated. The results of the simulation were analyzed and assessed using ENVI-met software in 2020. Then, using climatic data in RayMan software, the physiological equivalent temperature was obtained. Then, in five points of the simulated models, the ratio of form and height were analyzed. Using SPSS22, descriptive and inferential statistics were presented, and using Friedman test, the critical points were classified according to the forms of above-mentioned heights. Then, the significance and relevance between the different form types (complex, set, linear, and peripheral) in terms of different height types (high, medium, and short) were examined using Kruskal–Wallis test. The results showed that there is a significant between different form types and height types and this relationship has had a more favorable result in intermediate buildings of complex and environmental forms. Finally, the study showed that both form and height have a significant relationship with the effective parameters in the outdoor thermal comfort of residential complexes. The factors play an important role in moderating the temperature and providing the possibility of better productivity for residents.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• : Residential Blocks
• Outdoor Thermal Comfort
• Height and Form
• Physiological Equivalent Temperature
• ENVI-met

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