نوع مقاله : پژوهشی-مطالعه موردی
نویسندگان
1 دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
2 گروه آمار و اپیدمیولوژی، مرکز تحقیقات پیشگیری از آسیبهای ترافیکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران
3 مرکز تحقیقات روانپزشکی و علوم رفتاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
به منظور کنترل همهگیری کووید-19، متخصصان تلاش داشتهاند تا عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر شیوع همهگیری را شناسایی کنند. اما مروری بر ادبیات موضوع نشان میدهد در شناسایی این عوامل، نظر عموم افراد چندان مدنظر نبوده است. درصورتیکه، ایشان به دلیل تعامل مداوم، میتوانند آگاهی بیشتری نسبت به عوامل تهدیدکننده در محیط زندگیشان داشته باشند. هدف این تحقیق، شناسایی عوامل محیطی است که با وجود اینکه از طریق اختلال در فاصلهگذاری اجتماعی، باعث ایجاد احساس خطر ابتلا به کووید-19 میشوند، در ادبیات موضوع مورد توجه نبودهاند. تحقیق حاضر از نوع اکتشافی است که درآن با استفاده از پرسشنامهای باز، عوامل محیطی مختلکننده بررسی شدهاند. سپس، با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا، پاسخها کدگذاری و با استفاده از روش آنتروپیشانون، وزندهی شدهاند. درنهایت، با مقایسه متغیر پراهمیت با متغیرهای حاصل از مرور ادبیات، شکاف مطالعاتی مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. نتایج نشان میدهد که از میان ویژگیهای محیط ساخته شده، برخی از کاربریها (نظیر نانواییها)، ویژگیهای مسیرهای رفتوآمد (نظیر ماشینهای پارک شده) و تسهیلات شهری (نظیر زیرساختهای خرید آنلاین) از نظر عموم افراد میتوانند بر احتمال ابتلا تأثیرگذار باشند. همچنین عواملی نظیر آلودگی صوتی نیز میتوانند با تأثیر بر سلامت روانی بر احساس خطر ابتلا در محیط بیافزایند. بعلاوه، بر اساس نتایج، توجه به میزان رعایت بهداشت فردی و جمعی و برخی از رفتارهای عمومی، در ارتباط با مقوله فرهنگی-اجتماعی، و توجه به دستفروشی، در ارتباط با مقوله ناهنجاریهای اجتماعی، نیز ضروری بنظر می آید. در ضمن، در تحقیق حاضر عوامل محیطی جدیدتری نیز معرفی شدند که در برنامهریزی شهری چندان مورد توجه نبودهاند.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Environmental Factors Affecting Covid-19 infection: Literature Gap, Case study: Tabriz
نویسندگان [English]
- Shiva Ghafari Jabari 1
- Abass Yazdanfar 1
- Mohamad Ali Khan Mohammadi 1
- Homayoun Sadeghi Bazargani 2
- Mostafa Farah Bakhsh 3
1 Architecture Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, IRAN
2 Road Traffic Injury Prevention Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
3 Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]
The COVID-19 crisis has changed the face of cities by preventing most urban activities. In this regard, scientists studied the effect of various environmental factors on the infection of COVID-19 to control its outbreak in the urban context. While the factors measured were limited to the statistical data or literature on the other diseases, it seems that public opinion is determinant here because they constantly interact with their living environment and are more aware of the threatening factors surrounding them. This study aims to identify the factors not considered in the literature but found impressive by the public. Therefore, we conduct a survey and compare its results with the factors studied in the literature. Finally, we introduced some new variables to consider in future studies. The results showed some features of the built environment, the socio-cultural factors, and socio-anomalies were not discussed in the literature anymore. For the socio-cultural subject, the measurement of the impact of personal and social hygiene and some general behavior was recommended as well as the impact of the peddling of the socio-anomalies category. Also, in addition to the built environment factors studied, some of the city uses that met constantly by the public (e.g., bakeries), some features of the transport networks (e.g., sidewalks), and some urban facilities (e.g., benches) was suggested to be studied in the future studies. Interestingly, we introduced some other urban features that were generally not considered in urban planning. Finally, we proposed some strategies to reduce the effect of each factor.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Infection
- Covid-19
- Built Environment
- Socio-cultural Factors
- Social Anomalies
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