نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 استادیار جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Abstract
Today,cities are facing the development of diverse shopping centers,especially hypermarkets,and this trend has various consequences,especially in metropolis.In the Mashhad metropolis,the Janbaz Square area has undergone extensive changes in recent years due to the development of various shopping malls and shopping centers.the aim of this study is to analyze the spatial consequences of the development of hypermarkets in the Mashhad metropolis and the Janbaz area.The present research is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of methodology.the collecting data in the library section,descriptive information was collected from books,articles,as well as by referring to related organizations.In the field section a questionnaire consisting of four indicators and 19 dialects,was distributed to 383 people by targeted sampling between people who worked in hypermarkets or shopping centers and real estate in the area.The results of the t-test also showed that in the physical index,the rapid change of surrounding land use is the most effective,and access to the parking lot is the least effective;In the economic index,the branding of the region is the most effective in terms of real estate prices,and the creation of new job fields around the stores is the least effective;In the social index,the presence of a suitable environment for spending leisure time is the most,and the sense of trust between buyers has the least effect;In the environmental index, the situation of congestion and vehicle traffic has had the greatest effect due to the development of hypermarkets and shopping centers in the area of Janbaz.In general,due to the boom of hypermarkets and shopping malls,there have been consequences such as land use change and heavy traffic effects in the area of Janbaz more than others,which require coherent planning regarding land price control in the area,strengthening the communication networks of the main axis leading to the area of Janbaz,and Creating underground parking lots with higher capacity.
Keywords: spatial analysis, hypermarket, Mashhad metropolis, Janbaz square, consequence.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
In many contemporary urban communities, traditional retail landscapes have increasingly shifted toward hypermarkets and chain stores, a transformation driven by processes of modernization. Consequently, urban spaces have experienced substantial spatial reconfiguration at the regional level in relation to commercial activities and service provision. In response, contemporary urban residents seek shopping centers that minimize the distance, time, and cost required to acquire goods. The locational decisions of hypermarkets are therefore closely associated with factors such as population density, urban land prices, accessibility of the spatial distribution of shopping centers, the extent of their catchment areas, and their degree of specialization. Given the broad consumer acceptance of hypermarkets in the present-day context, there exists a pressing need to investigate chain stores from spatial, economic, social, and environmental perspectives, particularly in light of the numerous challenges they present. Among the various districts of Mashhad, the Janbaz area has exhibited the most notable progress in the development of shopping centers and hypermarkets over the past decade, undergoing the most pronounced changes. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the consequences of hypermarket development within the metropolis of Mashhad, with particular attention to the Janbaz area.
Method
It was descriptive-analytical in terms of method and applied in terms of purpose. In the data collection stage in the library section, descriptive information was collected from relevant books, articles, and reports, and the required data was also obtained by referring to related organizations. In the field section, information was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire (five-choice Likert scale), consisting of four indicators in the form of 19 items, and the questionnaires were distributed through purposive sampling among people who worked in hypermarkets or shopping centers and real estate in Janbaz area, whose number was 383 people based on the Cochran formula. The Cronbach's alpha was (0.7940), which is higher than (0.7) and indicates the acceptable reliability of the research variables. In order to analyze the data, in the first step, an attempt was made to measure the spatial distribution pattern of hypermarkets in Mashhad using spatial analysis models in GIS (nearest neighbor model), then an attempt was made to calculate general conclusions from this pattern and its possible effects on the surrounding space, and finally, with an emphasis on an area with a high density of hypermarkets, namely the Janbaz area, the effects of this issue were measured using a one-sample t-test in SPSS.
Results
This study aimed to analyze the consequences of hypermarket development in the Mashhad metropolitan area, with particular emphasis on the Janbaz district as one of the city’s thriving shopping and entertainment centers. The research findings indicate that the distribution pattern of hypermarkets in Mashhad is clustered. The Janbaz area represents one of the primary clusters of hypermarket concentration in the city, a pattern that reflects the influence of various factors and signifies the presence of an intensely competitive environment within this locality.
Among the most significant reasons for this concentration—beyond the favorable location of Janbaz Boulevard in the mid-western part of Mashhad—are its established branding and the existence of a substantial number of shopping and commercial centers in the area. These attributes have attracted considerable capital investment in the retail and entertainment sectors, leading to the agglomeration of diverse facilities catering to the needs of citizens.
The resulting concentration in this district has produced a variety of consequences, particularly rapid land-use changes, increased congestion and vehicular traffic, and associated traffic impacts. Therefore, comprehensive planning is essential to control land prices, strengthen transportation networks, and improve infrastructure.
The trend of land-use changes was highly rapid from 2004 to 2016, while 2016 to 2022, this trend gradually diminished as the area approached saturation. On the other hand, the opening of various projects currently under construction is expected to attract greater numbers of citizens and pilgrims to this district, thereby encouraging more individuals to utilize these spaces.
By observing the development trajectory in the Janbaz area, it can be anticipated that in the near future, further land-use transformations and increased crowding will occur, which—due to issues related to accessibility, parking, and similar challenges—will result in severe traffic conditions. Accordingly, traffic emerges as one of the most critical problems in the vicinity of these shopping centers, as demands for on-street parking, insufficient parking capacity within shopping complexes, bus stops, and related facilities continue to rise.
Discussion and Conclusion
This study elucidates the spatial implications of the development of shopping centers and hypermarkets in metropolitan contexts, underscoring the necessity of systematically addressing their multifaceted consequences and the imperative for comprehensive planning in the establishment and expansion of such facilities. Particular emphasis is placed on their diverse impacts upon land use, traffic patterns, and the overall urban environment, alongside the critical requirement for adequate provision of parking facilities and transportation infrastructure in these locales.
While numerous scholars have investigated the spatial evolution of shopping centers, no prior research has specifically examined the spatial consequences arising from the development of shopping centers (hypermarkets) under the combined influence of physical, economic, social, and environmental factors. Furthermore, the distribution pattern of hypermarkets within the Mashhad metropolitan area has hitherto remained inadequately documented. The present article examines the overarching distribution pattern of hypermarkets and analyzes the consequences of their development in Mashhad— with particular focus on the Janbaz region— through the lens of physical, economic, social, and environmental indicators, thereby offering valuable insights into these outcomes.
This study concludes that the development of hypermarkets and shopping centers in the Janbaz area has led to land-use changes and traffic-related impacts. Consequently, it highlights the need for comprehensive planning and the careful consideration of the various effects of hypermarket and shopping center development—including impacts on land use, traffic, the environment, and the overall urban fabric of the city—while emphasizing the importance of adequate access to parking and appropriate transportation facilities in these areas. Furthermore, in order to reduce the negative consequences of hypermarket and shopping center development, the following recommendations are proposed: Greater attention within detailed plans as well as urban development schemes to the specific issues of areas with concentrated activities, such as commercial agglomerations and clusters of shopping and entertainment facilities, adopting a forward-looking perspective that accounts for the physical, environmental, and other implications associated with them. Strengthening the transportation and communication networks along the primary axes leading to the Janbaz district. The creation of underground parking facilities with capacities exceeding those of the parking provisions in existing shopping centers.
کلیدواژهها English
