نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 استاد جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران،
3 دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
4 استاد جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Abstract
The pattern of physical development is one of the important and key issues of the 21st century in connection with the discussion of city sustainability. This pattern is defined as the pattern of spatial development of human activities at a certain point in time and is classified into two general categories: scattered or horizontal expansion and compact pattern. It is essential to know the pattern of physical development of the city and evaluate the pattern of its compression and dispersion in order to guide it in the direction of urban sustainability development. Because nowadays most researchers believe that there is a significant relationship between the physical development pattern of the city and sustainability. Based on this, the main goal of the research is to analyze the physical-spatial development pattern of Yasouj city using satellite image processing and quantitative models. Research methodology is a combination of deductive and inductive methods. The findings of the research indicate that during the last four decades (1400-1370), the maximum amount of physical development of Yasouj city was in the northwest, west and south directions. On the other hand, the results indicate that the growth rate of the physical development of the city is higher than the growth rate of the urban population. Also, the pattern of physical growth of Yasouj city during the period of 2015-2015 has a horizontal and spiral development pattern, and the maximum amount of horizontal physical development is related to 2015 with an entropy coefficient equal to 1.33. Therefore, the control and monitoring of urban constructions in the north-west and west axis and the management of the settlement of immigrants can be an important strategy in guiding the physical development of Yasouj city.
Keywords: Physical development, spiral pattern, sustainability, quantitative models, Yasouj city
Extended abstract
1.Introduction
Rapid urbanization—widely regarded as one of the most critical dimensions of global change—has driven the physical expansion and development of cities, inducing extensive land-use transformations from micro to macro scales. As automobile-oriented development became the dominant urban paradigm of the twenty-first century, urban sprawl emerged as the primary pattern of urban form. Urban sprawl is characterized by the declining relevance of central city districts, a lack of effective urban planning, and leapfrog urban development. Numerous factors play a pivotal role in accelerating sprawl, including transformations in urban economic foundations, land speculation, lenient urban planning policies, abrupt decision-making regarding metropolitan expansion, and inefficient urban and regional regulations and plans.
This unbridled sprawl generates severe adverse impacts, such as intensified traffic congestion, widening inequality, poverty, multi-dimensional pollution (air, soil, water, and noise), loss of agricultural land, and habitat destruction. Over recent decades, rapid urbanization—particularly the swift growth of major cities, profound structural and socio-physical shifts in Iranian urban areas, and the disruption of urban network equilibrium—has driven unrestrained urban expansion and the degradation of environmental resources. These spatial transformations have manifested as rapid population growth coupled with accelerated, unbalanced, and fragmented physical expansion.
An analysis of population and territorial dynamics in the city of Yasuj reveals substantial growth fluctuations in recent decades, indicating that the city has expanded at a pace significantly exceeding its natural trajectory. This rapid spatial growth underscores the urgent need for structured planning, fundamental organization, and guided urban development to mitigate urban sprawl and prevent the encroachment of development onto agricultural lands. Accordingly, this study seeks to determine the spatial-physical development pattern of Yasuj, offering actionable insights and strategic guidelines for future planning toward desirable and sustainable urban growth.
2. Method
To determine the extent of physical development in the city of Yasuj, this study utilized Landsat satellite imagery—incorporating data from the MSS, TM, and OLI sensor series spanning the period from 1991 to 2021 at spatial resolutions of 15 m and 30 m, retrieved from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) website. Using ENVI image processing software, built-up surfaces within the designated timeframe were extracted following radiometric and atmospheric corrections, employing a supervised classification method (maximum likelihood classification). Subsequently, spatial expansions during the study period were quantified using Geographic Information Systems (ArcGIS). In the second phase of the research, the spatial patterns of urban growth were identified by integrating secondary demographic and spatial data with quantitative models, including the rank-size/density rule, Shannon’s Entropy Index, and Holdern’s model.
3.Results
The findings of this study show that Yasuj city had a horizontal and spiral development pattern during the period 1986-2016. This spiral development accounted for significant amounts of Yasuj city’s growth until 1986. After 1986, the development of Yasuj city was mostly due to population growth; as the city's
population increased, population density decreased, and this factor led to an increase in the city's physical development rate during the aforementioned period. On the other hand, it can be said that three factors: 1. The integration of peripheral villages due to the presence of open and vast lands in the west and northwest axes, 2. Favorable access, cheap lands, and the presence of a number of industrial and residential towns and administrative centers in the southeast and south axes, and 3. The limitations of the natural environment, such as the presence of the Zagros mountain range in the northeast and east axes, the Bashar rivers in the southern axis of the city, and the Mehrian river in the northwest axis, have to some extent removed the city from its nuclear and centralized state and transformed it into an urban form with a dispersed expansion.
4. Discussion and Conclusion
In explaining the research findings, the settlement of people with poor financial means in the neighborhoods of Sharaf Abad and Imam Hussein Town located on the south and southeast axis, and the annexation of peripheral villages to the city of Yasuj on the west and northwest axis can be examined with regard to the factor of cheap land and Dr. Farid’s theories of growth linkage (using land around the city for the additional population of the city and immigrants), Maslow’s needs, and the theory of political economy of space, so that in this category of migrations, changes in the use of urban lands, changes in residential rent, and easy access to industrial estates are considered. In relation to the role of natural environmental factors in the formation of dispersed urban settlement development, the hydraulic theory or the basis of environmentalism in the emergence and development of the city and the theory of natural city construction/city geography characteristics (human impacts on the natural environment and environmental impacts on human behavior and activities) can be examined as the most important theories related to the physical development and construction of the city.
کلیدواژهها English
